- I gave a talk the other day at Caltech about Boltzmann Brains: when they occur, and why you shouldn't like theories that predict them. An important underlying idea is an understanding of "quantum fluctuations" that is a little more nuanced than what we get in most discussions -- I talked about this with Kim Boddy and Jason Pollack in our conference-proceedings paper arxiv.org/abs/1505.02780. Here's my quick Twitter version of that discussion.
- Let's conjure some science up in here. Science is good for the soul. Today: what are "quantum fluctuations," anyway? #qf
//twitter.com/seanmcarroll/status/688483074850422784
— Sean Carroll (@seanmcarroll)Sat, Jan 16 2016 22:08:51 - Talk about quantum fluctuations can be vague. There are really 3 different types of fluctuations: Boltzmann, Vacuum, & Measurement. #qf
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— Sean Carroll (@seanmcarroll)Sat, Jan 16 2016 22:10:30 - Boltzmann Fluctuations are basically classical: random motions of things lead to unlikely events, even in equilibrium. #qf
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— Sean Carroll (@seanmcarroll)Sat, Jan 16 2016 22:11:50 - The *macro*state of a system can be static (equilibrium), but stuff is churning beneath the surface. That allows Boltzmann fluctuations. #qf
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— Sean Carroll (@seanmcarroll)Sat, Jan 16 2016 22:14:04 - Vacuum Fluctuations are the differences b/w quantum and classical states. Classically-definite observables can have a quantum variance. #qf
//twitter.com/seanmcarroll/status/688484740932829185
— Sean Carroll (@seanmcarroll)Sat, Jan 16 2016 22:15:28 - Zero-point energy, virtual particles, the Lamb shift -- all due to vacuum fluctuations. But notice something important... #qf
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— Sean Carroll (@seanmcarroll)Sat, Jan 16 2016 22:16:29 - Nothing actually "fluctuates" in vacuum fluctuations! The system can be perfectly static. Just that quantum states are more spread out. #qf
//twitter.com/seanmcarroll/status/688485197990383617
— Sean Carroll (@seanmcarroll)Sat, Jan 16 2016 22:17:17 - Measurement Fluctuations are the bridge b/w Boltzmann and Vacuum fluctuations. They occur when you repeatedly observe a quantum system. #qf
//twitter.com/seanmcarroll/status/688485508461146113
— Sean Carroll (@seanmcarroll)Sat, Jan 16 2016 22:18:31 - By itself, a system can be static, but observational outcomes are probabilistic. Observe over and over again, get different results. #qf
//twitter.com/seanmcarroll/status/688485735213629440
— Sean Carroll (@seanmcarroll)Sat, Jan 16 2016 22:19:25 - That makes us confuse (static) vacuum fluctuations with (dynamical) Boltzmann fluctuations. We think what we see is what really is. #qf
//twitter.com/seanmcarroll/status/688485938318557184
— Sean Carroll (@seanmcarroll)Sat, Jan 16 2016 22:20:13 - But quantum mechanics says that what really exists is very different from what we see. In an atom, electrons aren't fluctuating at all. #qf
//twitter.com/seanmcarroll/status/688486183253323776
— Sean Carroll (@seanmcarroll)Sat, Jan 16 2016 22:21:12 - All of which is crucial for understanding Boltzmann Brains. A topic for another day. For more see: http://arxiv.org/abs/1505.02780 #qf
//twitter.com/seanmcarroll/status/688486391634763776
— Sean Carroll (@seanmcarroll)Sat, Jan 16 2016 22:22:01 - Worth pointing out that my discussion of quantum fluctuations betrays my Everettian (many-worlds) sympathies. Your mileage may vary. #qf
//twitter.com/seanmcarroll/status/688489627804499968
— Sean Carroll (@seanmcarroll)Sat, Jan 16 2016 22:34:53
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